Project leaders reconvene in Bermuda the following year to affirm these principles at the second International Strategy Meeting on Human Genome Sequencing. These principles reshape the practices of an entire industry and establish rapid prepublication data release as the norm in genomics and other fields. In a DNA molecule, which is shaped like a twisted ladder, the bases are the chemicals that interlock to form the rungs of the ladder. Each of these genes is composed of a unique sequence of pairs, each with four bases, called base pairs. This contrasts with the standard practice in scientific research of making experimental data available only after its publication. According to the Human Genome Project, there are between 26,000 and 40,000 genes in the human body. The "Bermuda Principles" are drafted to encourage research and development, and to maximize the Human Genome Project's benefits to society. They decide that all human genomic sequence information should be made freely available and placed in the public domain within 24 hours of being generated by federally funded large-scale human sequencing centers. Thousands of researchers have developed better laboratory tools, computational methods and strategic approaches to decipher the complex sequence. In February 1996, Human Genome Project leaders meet in Bermuda at the first International Strategy Meeting on Human Genome Sequencing. The full sequencing builds upon the work of the Human Genome Project, which mapped about 92 of the genome, and research undertaken since then.
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